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Funeral rites are a profound aspect of Taoist culture, offering a structured way to honor the deceased and provide solace to the living. Observing proper etiquette at a Taoist funeral is crucial in showing respect to the departed and their family. This guide outlines the key aspects of Taoist funeral practices, including appropriate attire, traditions, and respectful behaviors. Understanding these elements not only helps in paying the right respects but also supports the grieving process by adhering to cultural norms.
Taoists believe that death is merely another phase in a continued existence within the Tao (the natural order), where the deceased proceeds to another realm.
Views on death in Taoism greatly varies according to the dialect group and philosophy subscribed, with some believing in immorality, others believing in immoral deities and others in reincarnation. The core of Taoist belief is that life and death are interdependent, and both produce a cycle of change which is part of the Tao.[1]
Taoist funerals are centred around guiding the deceased’s soul into the afterlife.
1) Coffining
The body is washed and dressed typically in their best clothing, or in white.
2) Taoist Wakes
Taoist wakes are typically 3, 5 or 7 days in Singapore. Odd numbers are chosen since even numbers signify auspicious events.
An altar with flowers, incense, candles and fruits to commemorate the deceased is common.
3) Rituals and Offerings
Rituals are conducted by the priests throughout the wake, where musicians might perform as well. They are meant to guide the deceased throughinto the afterlife. Paper lanterns serve an important role and is believed to hold and guide the spirit of the deceased.[2]
Burning of joss paper and paper items are common. It is believed that these burnt paper items will be received by the deceased, who can use them in the afterlife. Cars, phones, laptops and houses are common paper items.[3]
4) Cremation or Burial
Both cremation and burial are accepted by Taoists. Cremation is believed to free the soul from the physical body, while burial symbolises the body returning to the ground.
On the way to the crematorium or burial site, the coffin is often accompanied by a group of musicians. It is believed that music frightens the malicious spirits.[4]
5) Post-Funeral
Taoists observe a 49-day mourning period, where rituals maybe performed for the deceased. Certain limits on behaviour may be imposed, such as refraining from wearing bright colours.
1) Dress in Dark Colours - Funeral Attire
Given the sombre nature of a funeral, refrain from wearing bright colours which represent joy (especially refrain from wearing red). Black is the common colour of choice. Jewellery and other lavish representations of wealth should be avoided.
2) Pay Your Respects by Bowing with a Joss Stick
Visitors are typically expected to bow once to the deceased, with a single joss stick in both hands to pay their respects. A member of the family might reciprocate with a bow back.
3) Observe Rituals with Respect
While rituals occur, please observe with respect. Immediate family members might have roles to play during the ritual.
4) Flowers, Banners and Donations
Sending white flowers and banners are accepted in the wake as an expression of condolence.
In Singapore, monetary contributions, known as “Bai Jin” in Chinese, or “Peh Kim” in Hokkien are also common. Contributions are typically used to cover the expenses of the wake by the family. Odd numbers are advised (eg: $30, $50 etc) since even numbers are auspicious.
Donations are voluntary, with chief importance to be sincere in your expression of condolence to the family.
5) Respect their beliefs, regardless of yours
As with all other religions, please respect the beliefs and traditions of the funeral, regardless of your beliefs. Understanding the origins of their traditions and beliefs aids one in respecting the processions.
Your presence, empathy and respect will go a long way in remembering and honouring the deceased and provide comfort to their next-of-kin, knowing that they are not alone in grief.
The average price of a Taoist Funeral in Singapore is $11,191.38. Compare, filter and sort prices of Taoist Funerals in Singapore here.
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